Inventario de emisiones antropogénicas y análisis espacial de gases de efecto invernadero y contaminantes primarios en las Islas Galápagos

Isla San Cristóbal

Cristina Mateus, Daniela Flor, Christian A. Guerrero, Ximena Córdova, Fátima L. Benitez, René Parra & Valeria Ochoa-Herrera

Resumen

El cambio climático y la contaminación del aire son desafíos críticos que enfrenta la humanidad actualmente. Comprender las fuentes de emisiones liberadas a la atmósfera es de gran importancia para evaluar la huella local, los impactos de las actividades humanas y las oportunidades para desarrollar e implementar soluciones para mitigar las emisiones y adaptarse al cambio climático, particularmente en lugares vulnerables como las Islas Galápagos. En este estudio, presentamos un inventario de emisiones antropogénicas para las islas Santa Cruz, San Cristóbal e Isabela en el que se mapearon espacialmente las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (GEI) y contaminantes primarios (PP). Se estimaron las emisiones para los sectores de fuentes fijas de energía, fuentes móviles de energía, residuos y otros, y se distribuyeron espacialmente las emisiones para 2019 junto con una evaluación de incertidumbre. Los resultados demostraron que las fuentes móviles de energía que son el transporte aéreo, terrestre y marítimo generaron las emisiones más significativas en las Islas Galápagos en términos de PP y GEI. De hecho, el transporte marítimo fue el más alto en 2019, con el 41% de las emisiones totales de CO2 para Galápagos, siendo los PP más predominantes los NOx y CO. El transporte aéreo constituyó el 36% de las emisiones y la generación de electricidad contribuyó con el 15%. Las emisiones de residuos y otros sectores comprenden un porcentaje menor en relación con el resto de sectores emisores. Estos resultados destacan la fuerte dependencia de las islas de los combustibles fósiles para el transporte y la generación de electricidad. Se discuten alternativas para mitigar y reducir las emisiones de las islas. Este inventario de emisiones mapeado espacialmente para las Islas Galápagos representa una poderosa herramienta para tomar decisiones informadas para contribuir a la sostenibilidad a largo plazo del archipiélago.

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In 2022, the Galapagos Science Center (GSC) and the broader UNC & USFQ Galapagos Initiative will celebrate its 10th Anniversary. We are proud to announce the World Summit on Island Sustainability scheduled to be held on June 26–30, 2022 at the Galapagos Science Center and the Community Convention Center on San Cristobal Island.

The content of the World Summit will be distributed globally through social media and results documented through papers published in a book written as part of the Galapagos Book Series by Springer Nature and edited by Steve Walsh (UNC) & Carlos Mena (USFQ) as well as Jill Stewart (UNC) and Juan Pablo Muñoz (GSC/USC). The book will be inclusive and accessible by the broader island community including scientists, managers, residents, tourists, and government and non-government organizations.

While the most obvious goal of organizing the World Summit on Island Sustainability is to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of the GSC and the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, other goals will be addressed through special opportunities created as part of our operational planning of the World Summit.

For instance, we seek to elevate and highlight the Galapagos in the island conservation discourse, seeking to interact with other island networks in more obvious and conspicuous ways to benefit the Galapagos Islands, the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, and the world. We will seize the opportunity to further develop the I2N2 – International Islands Network-of-Networks. Further, we wish to highlight and emphasize multiple visions of a sustainable future for the Galapagos Islands and we cannot do this alone. Therefore, engaging the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Tourism, the Government Council of Galapagos, the Galapagos National Park, and local Galapagos authorities, including government and non-government organizations and local citizen groups, is imperative.

The Galapagos Science Center on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos

Borrowing from Hawaii’s and Guam’s Green Growth Program and the Global Island Partnership, we wish to examine existing global programs that emphasize island sustainability and their incorporation into life, policies, and circumstances in the Galapagos Islands. We will also seek to enhance our connections with the institutional members of our International Galapagos Science Consortium and expand the Consortium through the recruitment of other member institutions. We will also work to benefit islands and their local communities by working with citizen groups as well as important NGOs who seek to improve the natural conditions in the Galapagos and diminish the impact of the human dimension on the future of Galapagos’ ecosystems.

Lastly, we will use the World Summit to benefit UNC & USFQ and our constituencies through a strong and vibrant communication plan about the World Summit, creating corporate relationships as sponsors, identifying funding goals through donors, and benefiting our study abroad program for student engagement in the Galapagos Islands. We plan to develop and issue a Galapagos Sustainability Communique after the World Summit that includes the vision and insights of all its participants for a sustainable Galapagos with applicability to global island settings.

We are eager to hear your perspective and have you join us at the World Summit on Island Sustainability!