Galápagos y el problema del plástico

La contaminación plástica (CP) es un problema global continuo y pervasivo que representa un riesgo para el archipiélago de Galápagos, a pesar de ser una de las regiones más prístinas y bien protegidas del mundo. Trabajando en estrecha colaboración con ciudadanos científicos, nuestro objetivo fue cuantificar y mapear la magnitud y los efectos biológicos de la CP. Con una abundancia de macroplásticos que varía de 0,003 a 2,87 artículos/m2, nuestra investigación indica que las cinco bioregiones de Galápagos muestreadas están contaminadas con CP a lo largo de sus costas. La distribución de estos desechos no es uniforme, siendo significativamente mayor en las costas de sotavento. Basándose en la información de identificación encontrada en los artículos examinados, el politereftalato de etileno (PET) fue el tipo de plástico más predominante que se origina tanto en productos de consumo como de pesca, principalmente de Perú, China y Ecuador. Los tres principales fabricantes fueron AjeCroup, Coca-Cola y Tingy Holding Corporation. A través de la ciencia ciudadana, documentamos la exposición a la CP en 52 especies (20 endémicas) en los ambientes terrestres y marinos de Galápagos, con exposición que ocurre de dos maneras: enredamiento e ingestión. Estas incluyen reptiles (8 especies), aves (13 especies), mamíferos (4 especies), peces cartilaginosos (7 especies), peces óseos (14 especies) e invertebrados (6 especies). Las cinco especies con mayor riesgo de sufrir daños graves debido al enredamiento (en orden decreciente) fueron identificadas como tortugas verdes, iguanas marinas, tiburones ballena, mobulas de cola espinosa y pinzones medianos. En contraste, las tortugas gigantes de Santa Cruz, las tortugas verdes, las iguanas marinas, los salemas de rayas negras y los leones marinos de Galápagos tenían el mayor riesgo de daño debido a la ingestión de plásticos. Nuestra investigación indica que la CP es un problema creciente en el archipiélago de Galápagos y que se necesita trabajo adicional para mitigar su impacto ahora y en el futuro. 

Obtenga más información sobre el estudio aquí.

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In 2022, the Galapagos Science Center (GSC) and the broader UNC & USFQ Galapagos Initiative will celebrate its 10th Anniversary. We are proud to announce the World Summit on Island Sustainability scheduled to be held on June 26–30, 2022 at the Galapagos Science Center and the Community Convention Center on San Cristobal Island.

The content of the World Summit will be distributed globally through social media and results documented through papers published in a book written as part of the Galapagos Book Series by Springer Nature and edited by Steve Walsh (UNC) & Carlos Mena (USFQ) as well as Jill Stewart (UNC) and Juan Pablo Muñoz (GSC/USC). The book will be inclusive and accessible by the broader island community including scientists, managers, residents, tourists, and government and non-government organizations.

While the most obvious goal of organizing the World Summit on Island Sustainability is to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of the GSC and the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, other goals will be addressed through special opportunities created as part of our operational planning of the World Summit.

For instance, we seek to elevate and highlight the Galapagos in the island conservation discourse, seeking to interact with other island networks in more obvious and conspicuous ways to benefit the Galapagos Islands, the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, and the world. We will seize the opportunity to further develop the I2N2 – International Islands Network-of-Networks. Further, we wish to highlight and emphasize multiple visions of a sustainable future for the Galapagos Islands and we cannot do this alone. Therefore, engaging the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Tourism, the Government Council of Galapagos, the Galapagos National Park, and local Galapagos authorities, including government and non-government organizations and local citizen groups, is imperative.

The Galapagos Science Center on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos

Borrowing from Hawaii’s and Guam’s Green Growth Program and the Global Island Partnership, we wish to examine existing global programs that emphasize island sustainability and their incorporation into life, policies, and circumstances in the Galapagos Islands. We will also seek to enhance our connections with the institutional members of our International Galapagos Science Consortium and expand the Consortium through the recruitment of other member institutions. We will also work to benefit islands and their local communities by working with citizen groups as well as important NGOs who seek to improve the natural conditions in the Galapagos and diminish the impact of the human dimension on the future of Galapagos’ ecosystems.

Lastly, we will use the World Summit to benefit UNC & USFQ and our constituencies through a strong and vibrant communication plan about the World Summit, creating corporate relationships as sponsors, identifying funding goals through donors, and benefiting our study abroad program for student engagement in the Galapagos Islands. We plan to develop and issue a Galapagos Sustainability Communique after the World Summit that includes the vision and insights of all its participants for a sustainable Galapagos with applicability to global island settings.

We are eager to hear your perspective and have you join us at the World Summit on Island Sustainability!