Elefantes marinos del sur en las Islas Galápagos y el Pacífico Tropical Oriental en medio de cambios ambientales oceánicos: hacia un índice de idoneidad de hábitat.

El elefante marino del sur  es la especie de pinnípedo sexualmente dimórfica más grande en el océano global (Le Boeuf y Laws, 1994; Hindell, 2018). La característica distintiva de los machos es la probóscide; el máximo desarrollo de esta característica se produce en adultos mayores de 10 años (Sanvito et al., 2007). El crecimiento de las hembras cesa después de alcanzar la madurez (es decir, ~5 años de edad) con una longitud corporal de ~2.5 m y un peso corporal de 400 a 600 kg (Fedak et al., 1994). Los machos adultos son fisiológica y socialmente maduros después de ~7 años de edad, cuando alcanzan hasta 5 m de longitud corporal y pesan 3,000 kg (Campagna y Lewis, 1992; Pistorius et al., 2005; Hindell, 2018). Están distribuidos por toda la región circumpolar, aguas subantárticas y ecosistemas antárticos del Hemisferio Sur (Hofmeyr, 2015; Jefferson et al., 2015; Hindell, 2018). Actualmente se reconocen cuatro poblaciones genéticamente diferentes, incluyendo subpoblaciones de la Península Valdés y las Islas Malvinas, el sector Atlántico (Islas Georgia del Sur, Orcadas del Sur, Shetland del Sur, y Bouvetøya e Islas Gough), el sector Indio (Islas Kerguelen, Crozet, Isla Heard e Islas Príncipe Eduardo), y el sector del Pacífico (Isla Macquarie, Isla Campbell e Isla Antípodas) (Slade et al., 1998; Hofmeyr, 2015; Jefferson et al., 2015; Corrigan et al., 2016). Las poblaciones atlánticas, incluyendo Georgia del Sur, la Península Valdés y las Islas Kerguelen, están actualmente estables o aumentando ligeramente (Hindell et al., 2016), mientras que las poblaciones en la Isla Macquarie en el sur del Pacífico están disminuyendo (van den Hoff et al., 2014; Hofmeyr, 2015). Aunque el SES actualmente está clasificado como “Preocupación Menor” por la Lista Roja de Especies Amenazadas de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) (Hofmeyr, 2015), esta especie de pinnípedo se ve afectada por varias amenazas antropogénicas, como la captura incidental, la contaminación química y biológica y los cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano (Hofmeyr, 2015; Alava y Aurioles-Gamboa, 2017; Hindell, 2018).

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In 2022, the Galapagos Science Center (GSC) and the broader UNC & USFQ Galapagos Initiative will celebrate its 10th Anniversary. We are proud to announce the World Summit on Island Sustainability scheduled to be held on June 26–30, 2022 at the Galapagos Science Center and the Community Convention Center on San Cristobal Island.

The content of the World Summit will be distributed globally through social media and results documented through papers published in a book written as part of the Galapagos Book Series by Springer Nature and edited by Steve Walsh (UNC) & Carlos Mena (USFQ) as well as Jill Stewart (UNC) and Juan Pablo Muñoz (GSC/USC). The book will be inclusive and accessible by the broader island community including scientists, managers, residents, tourists, and government and non-government organizations.

While the most obvious goal of organizing the World Summit on Island Sustainability is to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of the GSC and the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, other goals will be addressed through special opportunities created as part of our operational planning of the World Summit.

For instance, we seek to elevate and highlight the Galapagos in the island conservation discourse, seeking to interact with other island networks in more obvious and conspicuous ways to benefit the Galapagos Islands, the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, and the world. We will seize the opportunity to further develop the I2N2 – International Islands Network-of-Networks. Further, we wish to highlight and emphasize multiple visions of a sustainable future for the Galapagos Islands and we cannot do this alone. Therefore, engaging the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Tourism, the Government Council of Galapagos, the Galapagos National Park, and local Galapagos authorities, including government and non-government organizations and local citizen groups, is imperative.

The Galapagos Science Center on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos

Borrowing from Hawaii’s and Guam’s Green Growth Program and the Global Island Partnership, we wish to examine existing global programs that emphasize island sustainability and their incorporation into life, policies, and circumstances in the Galapagos Islands. We will also seek to enhance our connections with the institutional members of our International Galapagos Science Consortium and expand the Consortium through the recruitment of other member institutions. We will also work to benefit islands and their local communities by working with citizen groups as well as important NGOs who seek to improve the natural conditions in the Galapagos and diminish the impact of the human dimension on the future of Galapagos’ ecosystems.

Lastly, we will use the World Summit to benefit UNC & USFQ and our constituencies through a strong and vibrant communication plan about the World Summit, creating corporate relationships as sponsors, identifying funding goals through donors, and benefiting our study abroad program for student engagement in the Galapagos Islands. We plan to develop and issue a Galapagos Sustainability Communique after the World Summit that includes the vision and insights of all its participants for a sustainable Galapagos with applicability to global island settings.

We are eager to hear your perspective and have you join us at the World Summit on Island Sustainability!