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Dinámica del esfuerzo pesquero alrededor de la Reserva Marina de Galápagos según lo representado por los datos del AIS

Fotografía de ©timhe _ iNaturalist.

Resumen
Las aguas alrededor de la Reserva Marina de Galápagos (RMG) son importantes zonas de pesca para embarcaciones artesanales autorizadas que pescan dentro de la reserva, así como para flotas industriales nacionales y extranjeras que operan en la Zona Económica Exclusiva Insular (IEEZ) más amplia del Ecuador. Aunque no fueron diseñados originalmente para la gestión pesquera, los datos del Sistema de Identificación Automática (AIS) proporcionan información útil, de acceso abierto, casi en tiempo real y de alta resolución que permite un mayor seguimiento, particularmente alrededor de las Áreas Marinas Protegidas (AMP) y en áreas más allá. Jurisdicción Nacional. Este estudio utiliza datos AIS proporcionados por Global Fishing Watch para evaluar la distribución espacial y la dinámica estacional del esfuerzo pesquero por bandera de barco dentro de la RMG y la IEEZ de 2012 a 2021. Con base en el análisis de estimación de la densidad del núcleo, determinamos las áreas de uso principal ( 50%) y extensión espacial (95%) de las actividades pesqueras por flotas (ecuatorianas y extranjeras), tipos de artes y estaciones (cálidas, de diciembre a mayo; y frías, de junio a noviembre). Nuestros resultados muestran que la flota ecuatoriana registró la mayor cantidad de horas de pesca observadas en el área de estudio, con 32.829 horas en la IEEZ y 20.816 horas dentro de la RMG. Las banderas extranjeras con más horas de pesca observadas en la IEEZ fueron Panamá (3.245 horas) y Nicaragua (2.468,5 horas), mientras que en la RMG fueron la ‘Bandera Desconocida’ (4.991,4 horas) y Panamá (133,7 horas). Los buques pescaban empleando diferentes artes de pesca, pero las aguas de la RMG y la ZIE eran principalmente objetivo de atuneros cerqueros y palangres de deriva. La distribución espacial del esfuerzo pesquero exhibe una marcada variabilidad estacional, probablemente influenciada por migraciones estacionales de especies objetivo como atunes (p. ej., Thunnus albacares , T. obesus y Katsuwonus pelamis ), marlines (p. ej., Makaira nigricans ) y tiburones (p. ej. , Alopias pelágico ). La recopilación y uso de este tipo de información espacial y estacional es un paso esencial para comprender la dinámica de las actividades pesqueras en aguas nacionales y mejorar la gestión pesquera, particularmente en áreas y pesquerías menos estudiadas.

Conoce más del artículo científico en el siguiente enlace: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0282374

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In 2022, the Galapagos Science Center (GSC) and the broader UNC & USFQ Galapagos Initiative will celebrate its 10th Anniversary. We are proud to announce the World Summit on Island Sustainability scheduled to be held on June 26–30, 2022 at the Galapagos Science Center and the Community Convention Center on San Cristobal Island.

The content of the World Summit will be distributed globally through social media and results documented through papers published in a book written as part of the Galapagos Book Series by Springer Nature and edited by Steve Walsh (UNC) & Carlos Mena (USFQ) as well as Jill Stewart (UNC) and Juan Pablo Muñoz (GSC/USC). The book will be inclusive and accessible by the broader island community including scientists, managers, residents, tourists, and government and non-government organizations.

While the most obvious goal of organizing the World Summit on Island Sustainability is to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of the GSC and the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, other goals will be addressed through special opportunities created as part of our operational planning of the World Summit.

For instance, we seek to elevate and highlight the Galapagos in the island conservation discourse, seeking to interact with other island networks in more obvious and conspicuous ways to benefit the Galapagos Islands, the UNC-USFQ Galapagos Initiative, and the world. We will seize the opportunity to further develop the I2N2 – International Islands Network-of-Networks. Further, we wish to highlight and emphasize multiple visions of a sustainable future for the Galapagos Islands and we cannot do this alone. Therefore, engaging the Ecuadorian Ministry of Environment, the Ministry of Tourism, the Government Council of Galapagos, the Galapagos National Park, and local Galapagos authorities, including government and non-government organizations and local citizen groups, is imperative.

The Galapagos Science Center on San Cristobal Island, Galapagos

Borrowing from Hawaii’s and Guam’s Green Growth Program and the Global Island Partnership, we wish to examine existing global programs that emphasize island sustainability and their incorporation into life, policies, and circumstances in the Galapagos Islands. We will also seek to enhance our connections with the institutional members of our International Galapagos Science Consortium and expand the Consortium through the recruitment of other member institutions. We will also work to benefit islands and their local communities by working with citizen groups as well as important NGOs who seek to improve the natural conditions in the Galapagos and diminish the impact of the human dimension on the future of Galapagos’ ecosystems.

Lastly, we will use the World Summit to benefit UNC & USFQ and our constituencies through a strong and vibrant communication plan about the World Summit, creating corporate relationships as sponsors, identifying funding goals through donors, and benefiting our study abroad program for student engagement in the Galapagos Islands. We plan to develop and issue a Galapagos Sustainability Communique after the World Summit that includes the vision and insights of all its participants for a sustainable Galapagos with applicability to global island settings.

We are eager to hear your perspective and have you join us at the World Summit on Island Sustainability!